magedu pro 第七周作业

1、写一个脚本,判断当前系统上所有用户的shell是否为可登录shell(即用户的shell不是/sbin/nologin);分别这两类用户的个数;通过字符串比较来实现;

脚本内容如下:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

loginshell=$(cat /etc/passwd|cut -d: -f7);

loginct=0;
nologinct=0;

for i in $loginshell;do
  if [[ "$i" == "/sbin/nologin" ]]; then
    let nologinct+=1;
  else
    let loginct+=1;
  fi
done

echo "可登录的用户数为:$loginct";
echo "不可登录的用户数为:$nologinct";

执行结果如下:

[hzz@magedu ~]$ bash test.sh
可登录的用户数为:5
不可登录的用户数为:20
[hzz@magedu ~]$

2、写一个脚本

(1) 获取当前主机的主机名,保存于hostname变量中;

(2) 判断此变量的值是否为localhost,如果是,则将当前主机名修改为www.magedu.com;

(3) 否则,则显示当前主机名;

脚本内容如下:

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -e;

hostname=$(hostname);

if [[ "$hostname" == "localhost" ]]; then
  hostname www.magedu.com;
  # 永久更改,需重启
  #echo "www.magedu.com" > /etc/hostname
else
  echo $hostname;
fi

执行结果如下:

[root@localhost ~]# hostname
localhost
[root@localhost ~]# bash /home/hzz/test.sh
[root@localhost ~]# hostname
www.magedu.com
[root@localhost ~]# bash /home/hzz/test.sh
www.magedu.com
[root@localhost ~]#

3、写一个脚本,完成如下功能

(1) 传递一个磁盘设备文件路径给脚本,判断此设备是否存在;

(2) 如果存在,则显示此设备上的所有分区信息;

脚本内容如下:

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -e;

diskdir=$1;

fdisk -l $1 2>/dev/null || echo "此设备不存在!";exit 1;

执行结果如下:

[root@magedu ~]# bash /home/hzz/test.sh /dev/sdd
此设备不存在!
[root@magedu ~]# bash /home/hzz/test.sh /dev/sda

磁盘 /dev/sda:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型:dos
磁盘标识符:0x00086948

   设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    20971519     9436160   8e  Linux LVM
[root@magedu ~]#

4、写一个脚本,完成如下功能

脚本能够接受一个参数;

(1) 如果参数1为quit,则显示退出脚本,并执行正常退出;

(2) 如果参数1为yes,则显示继续执行脚本;

(3) 否则,参数1为其它任意值,均执行非正常退出;

脚本内容如下:

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -e;

read -p "Please input a command (yes/quit): " input_command;

case $input_command in
  yes )
    echo "Continue...";
    ;;
  quit )
    echo "Goodbye!";exit 1;
    ;;
  * )
    echo "Wrong command!";exit 2;
    ;;
esac

执行结果如下:

[hzz@magedu ~]$ bash test.sh
Please input a command (yes/quit): yes
Continue...
[hzz@magedu ~]$ echo $?
0
[hzz@magedu ~]$ bash test.sh
Please input a command (yes/quit): quit
Goodbye!
[hzz@magedu ~]$ echo $?
1
[hzz@magedu ~]$ bash test.sh
Please input a command (yes/quit): test
Wrong command!
[hzz@magedu ~]$ echo $?
2
[hzz@magedu ~]$

5、写一个脚本,完成如下功能

传递一个参数给脚本,此参数为gzip、bzip2或者xz三者之一;

(1) 如果参数1的值为gzip,则使用tar和gzip归档压缩/etc目录至/backups目录中,并命名为/backups/etc-20160613.tar.gz;

(2) 如果参数1的值为bzip2,则使用tar和bzip2归档压缩/etc目录至/backups目录中,并命名为/backups/etc-20160613.tar.bz2;

(3) 如果参数1的值为xz,则使用tar和xz归档压缩/etc目录至/backups目录中,并命名为/backups/etc-20160613.tar.xz;

(4) 其它任意值,则显示错误压缩工具,并执行非正常退出;

脚本内容如下:

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -e;

mkdir -p /backups;

read -p "Please select a compress type (gzip/bzip2/xz): " input_command;

case $input_command in
  gzip )
    tar zcf /backups/etc-20160613.tar.gz /etc;
    echo "Compress complete!"
    ;;
  bzip2 )
    tar jcf /backups/etc-20160613.tar.bz2 /etc;
    echo "Compress complete!"
    ;;
  xz )
    tar Jcf /backups/etc-20160613.tar.xz /etc;
    echo "Compress complete!"
    ;;
  * )
    echo "Wrong type!";exit 1;
    ;;
esac

执行结果如下:

[root@magedu ~]# bash /home/hzz/test.sh
Please select a compress type (gzip/bzip2/xz): gzip
tar: 从成员名中删除开头的“/”
Compress complete!
[root@magedu ~]# ls /backups/
etc-20160613.tar.gz
[root@magedu ~]# bash /home/hzz/test.sh
Please select a compress type (gzip/bzip2/xz): bzip2
tar: 从成员名中删除开头的“/”
Compress complete!
[root@magedu ~]# ls /backups/
etc-20160613.tar.bz2  etc-20160613.tar.gz
[root@magedu ~]# bash /home/hzz/test.sh
Please select a compress type (gzip/bzip2/xz): xz
tar: 从成员名中删除开头的“/”
Compress complete!
[root@magedu ~]# ls /backups/
etc-20160613.tar.bz2  etc-20160613.tar.gz  etc-20160613.tar.xz
[root@magedu ~]# bash /home/hzz/test.sh
Please select a compress type (gzip/bzip2/xz): jzip
Wrong type!
[root@magedu ~]# echo $?
1
[root@magedu ~]#

6、写一个脚本,接受一个路径参数:

(1) 如果为普通文件,则说明其可被正常访问;

(2) 如果是目录文件,则说明可对其使用cd命令;

(3) 如果为符号链接文件,则说明是个访问路径;

(4) 其它为无法判断;

脚本内容如下:

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -e;

while read -p "Please file path (input quit to exit): " input_command;do

    if [[ "$input_command" == "quit" ]]; then
      exit;
    elif [[ -L $input_command ]]; then
      echo "$input_command is a soft link, you can follow it! "
    elif [[ -f $input_command ]]; then
      echo "$input_command is a nomal file, you can read it! "
    elif [[ -d $input_command ]]; then
      echo "$input_command is a directory, use 'cd' to enter it! "
    else
      echo "Path is not exist or cat't recognize file! "
    fi

done

执行结果为:

[hzz@magedu ~]$ mkdir test_dir
[hzz@magedu ~]$ touch test_file
[hzz@magedu ~]$ ln -s test_file test_link
[hzz@magedu ~]$ bash test.sh
Please file path (input quit to exit): /home/hzz/test_file
/home/hzz/test_file is a nomal file, you can read it!
Please file path (input quit to exit): /home/hzz/test_dir
/home/hzz/test_dir is a directory, use 'cd' to enter it!
Please file path (input quit to exit): /home/hzz/test_link
/home/hzz/test_link is a soft link, you can follow it!
Please file path (input quit to exit): /dev/tty
Path is not exist or cat't recognize file!
Please file path (input quit to exit): /dev/123
Path is not exist or cat't recognize file!
Please file path (input quit to exit): quit
[hzz@magedu ~]$

7、写一个脚本,取得当前主机的主机名,判断

(1) 如果主机名为空或为localhost,或为"(none)",则将其命名为mail.magedu.com;

(2) 否则,显示现有的主机名即可;

脚本内容如下:

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -e;

hostname=$(hostname);

if [[ -z "$hostname" || "$hostname" == "(none)" ]]; then
  hostname mail.magedu.com;
  # 永久更改,需重启
  #echo "mail.magedu.com" > /etc/hostname;
else
  echo "$hostname";
fi

执行结果如下:

[root@magedu ~]# bash /home/hzz/test.sh 
magedu
[root@magedu ~]#

8、写一脚本,接受一个用户名为参数;

(1) 如果用户的id号为0,则显示其为管理员;

(2) 如果用户的id号大于0且小于500, 则显示其为系统用户;

(3) 否则,则显示其为普通用户;

脚本内容如下:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

while read -p "Please input username (input quit to exit): " input_command;do

  [[ "$input_command" == "quit" ]] && exit;

  username=$input_command

  userid=$(id -u $username 2> /dev/null)

  if [ $userid -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "$username is a administrator! "
  elif [ $userid -gt 0 ] && [ $userid -lt 500 ]; then
    echo "$username is a system user! "
  elif [[ "$userid" == "" ]]; then
    echo "$username is not exist! "
  else
    echo "$username is a nomal user! "
  fi

done

执行结果为:

[hzz@magedu ~]$ bash test.sh
Please input username (input quit to exit): root
root is a administrator!
Please input username (input quit to exit): mail
mail is a system user!
Please input username (input quit to exit): hzz
hzz is a nomal user!
Please input username (input quit to exit): quit
[hzz@magedu ~]$
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